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When consumer debt becomes a thorn in your side, it may be time to develop a plan of attack.
In total, American households carry $1.35 trillion in auto loan debt and $890 billion in credit card debt, according to data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Debt can impact more than just your finances — it can affect your peace of mind. A 2018 Northwestern Mutual study found that 42% of Americans feel anxious because of debt. The best way to kick it to the curb depends on your situation. Below are seven strategies that can help you tackle your balances.
Both debt snowball and debt avalanche help you decide which debt to pay off first, next, and last. How you prioritize debt differs with each method.
The debt snowball is the debt repayment strategy where you pay off your smallest debt first and work your way towards the highest debt balance last. Early success paying off the small balances can build up the momentum you need to pay off larger balances — like a snowball rolling down a hill.
Here are the steps to setting up a debt snowball:
The potential drawback of the debt snowball method is that your debt with the lowest balance may not necessarily have the lowest interest rate. So while you’re attacking your smallest balance, interest will accumulate on your high-interest debt. If you’re more concerned with getting rid of your most expensive debt, you may want to consider the debt avalanche method below instead.
The debt avalanche is the method where you focus on paying your highest interest debt first. The idea is to knock out your most expensive debt balances so the interest no longer burns a hole in your pocket.
Here are the steps to setting up a debt avalanche:
When looking at the dollars and cents, the debt avalanche approach makes sense financially (pun intended) because of the savings. But if your debt with the highest rate is also a large balance, it can take a while for you to see the positive effect of payments on your debt, which can be discouraging.
Which is the best debt payoff method? There’s no right or wrong answer — you can do what’s best for you. You may pay more on high-interest debt while the snowball method works its magic, but the positive reinforcement that comes from getting rid of small balances first may be worth the cost.
As an example, let’s priortize how these credit cards and loans would be paid off according to each debt payoff method.
| Example Debt | |||
Credit Card A
|
Credit Card B
|
Car Loan
|
Student Loan
|
| Debt Snowball Method | Debt Avalanche Method |
| In this method, you prioritize your debt by balance from lowest to highest.
Debt 1: Credit Card A — $2,000 |
In this method, you prioritize your debt by interest rate from highest to lowest.
Debt 1: Credit Card B — 21.99% |
These payoff strategies look very different.
Instead of choosing one method, you could also try a hybrid strategy that includes elements of both. For example, you could pay off the lowest balance first to build up momentum and then start working on your high-interest debt next to save money.
If you need help beyond the debt avalanche or snowball repayment methods above, here are five other strategies that can help reorganize your debt and lower your interest rate.
A debt consolidation is when you take out a new debt product, such as a credit card or loan, to pay off multiple balances so you only need to worry about one payment. You can do a consolidation with pretty much any product that lets you pay off debt in one lump sum. Here are some examples:
The right option for you will depend on your credit profile and debt-to-income ratio. Compare multiple debt consolidation loans across several lenders to see where you can get the best offer.
You’re not alone if you have student loan debt. In 2019, 69% of students who graduated with a Bachelor’s degree owed an average of $29,900 in student loans. The good news is, federal student loans can be consolidated through the Direct Consolidation Loan program for easier repayment.
Private lenders like Discover offer student loan consolidation products as well, but keep in mind that getting rid of your federal student loans means you’ll no longer qualify for benefits like deferment, forbearance, loan forgiveness, and income-based repayment plans.
A debt refinance loan can consolidate debt too, but its main purpose is to pay off existing debt with a new loan that has better terms. Mortgage or car loan refinancing can help you pay off debt faster because it can lower your interest rate. A lower interest rate means a larger portion of your monthly payment can go to paying down the loan principal.
Here are some numbers: In 2019, customers who refinanced their auto loans with RateGenius lowered their interest rate from 10.19% to 5.59%, on average. For a car loan of about $28,000 (the average amount refinanced in 2019), this interest rate reduction could offer $3,692.40 in total payment savings over a 60-month term. The rate you qualify for will depend on factors like your loan-to-value and credit score. If you’re upside down on the loan or you have poor credit, you may have trouble qualifying for a car refinance loan that has low fees and a competitive rate.
A debt settlement is when you come to an agreement with your creditors to “settle” your debt for a lump sum. If you work with a debt settlement company, they usually tell you to stop making payments to creditors; instead, your payments go into a separate account while negotiations take place. While this may motivate a creditor to settle with you, the missed payments can cause your credit score to drop.
That’s not to say debt settlements are all bad — if you’re a skilled negotiator, you may be able to negotiate your own arrangement without adding a slew of missed payments to your report. Just make sure you get all agreements in writing and know that a creditor reporting the account as “settled” instead of “paid as agreed” can still negatively impact your score, according to Experian experts.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed while juggling payments, it may be time to call in a professional to help. The National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) is an example of a non-profit organization that certifies counselors and agencies that offer financial guidance and debt repayment plans.
A NFCC certified financial counselor is different from a financial advisor who earns a commission on the products they sell or a financial planner who advises you on all areas, such as taxes, retirement, insurance, and more. The financial counselor’s focus will be creating your debt plan. They typically charge a one-time fee of up to $50 and a monthly fee in the $25 range, according to the NFCC website.
Under a debt repayment plan, a counselor reviews your budget to see how much you can put towards debt and they also try to negotiate a lower interest rate with your creditors. Then you make one payment to the agency and they pay creditors for you.
Filing bankruptcy may be the last resort if you owe more money than you’re capable of repaying. Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 are the types of bankruptcy most commonly filed by individuals. Here’s an overview of both:
Bankruptcy won’t stay on your credit report forever: Chapter 7 takes ten years to fall off of your credit report while a Chapter 13 filing comes off after seven years.
A debt payoff plan can vary from person to person. To come up with your own, write down all of your debt balances along with the interest rates to see where you stand. If you’re in over your head, it may be time to get some help. Consider reaching out to a non-profit counseling agency or an attorney if a creditor is attempting to take you to court over a debt. If your debt is manageable, using one (or several) of the strategies above can help you in your debt repayment journey.
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